Sains Malaysiana 53(2)(2024): 295-306

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-05

Kesan Pelarut yang Berbeza terhadap Ciri Fizikokimia, Kandungan Fenol dan Aktiviti Antioksida Daun Galak Tua (Stemona curtisii)

(The Effect of Different Solvents on the Physicochemical Characteristics, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Galak Tua (Stemona curtisii) Leaves)

LOW XIANG TING¹, TENGKU FARIZAN IZZI CHE KU JUSOH³ & HASLANIZA HASHIM^1,2,*

¹Jabatan Sains Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Pusat Inovasi dan Teknologi Manisan (MANIS), Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

³Pusat Pengajian Industri Makanan, Fakulti Biosumber dan Industri Makanan, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Besut, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia

Received: 2 August 2023/Accepted: 3 January 2024

Abstrak

Stemona curtisii atau juga dikenali sebagai pokok Galak Tua adalah herba daripada famili Stemonaceae yang digunakan dalam perawatan tradisi. Matlamat penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan pengekstrakan menggunakan pelarut yang berbeza terhadap ciri fizikokimia, kandungan fenol dan aktiviti antioksida daun S. curtisii. Dalam kajian ini, jenis pelarut (metanol, etanol dan aseton) dan kepekatan pelarut yang berbeza (50%, 80% dan 100%) digunakan untuk mengekstrak sebatian fenol daripada sampel daun. Untuk penentuan ciri fizikokimia, analisis warna menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak daun S. curtisii  menggunakan 50% etanol memberikan  perubahan warna yang paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding pelarut lain. Nilai pH bagi ekstrak daun S. curtisii dengan ketiga-tiga jenis dan kepekatan pelarut adalah berasid dengan julat daripada 4.12 hingga 5.26. Daun S. curtisii yang diekstrak dengan 80% etanol mempunyai nilai pH yang paling tinggi (5.26) secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding semua pelarut yang digunakan. Keputusan kajian telah membuktikan ekstrak daun S. curtisii menggunakan 80% metanol menunjukkan kandungan fenol (78.3 ± 2.3 µg GAE/kg) yang paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding dengan pelarut lain. Selain itu, pengekstrakan menggunakan 80% etanol menunjukkan aktiviti antioksida yang paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding pelarut lain terhadap ujian DPPH iaitu 84.05 ± 0.29%. Bagi ujian ABTS, daun S. curtisii diekstrak dengan 80% metanol memberikan nilai ABTS (74.44 ± 0.12%) paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding pelarut lain. Bagi ujian FRAP pula, hanya ekstrak daun S. curtisii menggunakan 80% metanol menunjukkan aktiviti antioksida (13.4 ± 0.62 µg GAE/kg) yang paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05). Oleh itu, 80% metanol adalah pelarut yang paling sesuai untuk pengekstrakan daun S. curtisii yang mana ekstrak tersebut mempunyai kandungan fenol dan aktiviti antioksida yang tinggi berbanding pelarut lain.

Kata kunci: Antioksida; fizikokimia; pelarut; pengekstrakan; Stemona curtisii

Abstract

Stemona curtisii or locally known as Galak Tua, is a herbaceous plant from family Stemonaceae used in traditional treatments. This study aims to determine the effect of extraction using different solvents on the physicochemical properties, phenolic content and antioxidant activities of S. curtisii leaves. In the present study, different types (methanol, ethanol and acetone) with various concentrations (50%, 80% and 100%) of solvent were used to extract phenolic compound from leaf sample. To determine physicochemical property, colour analysis of leaf extract S. curtisii showed that the 50% ethanol extract from S. curtisii leaves had the significantly highest value (p<0.05) for colour difference as compared to other extracts. For pH values, extract S. curtisii using three various types and concentrations of solvents as well as the control were acidic in the range of 4.12 to 5.26. The pH value of S. curtisii leaves that extracted by 80% ethanol was significantly higher (p<0.05) than other extraction solvents. The results also proved that the 80% methanol extract had the significantly highest (p<0.05) phenolic content (78.3 ± 2.3 µg GAE/kg) than the others. Besides, extraction using 80% methanol and 80% ethanol showed the significantly highest (p<0.05) antioxidant activities towards DPPH which is 84.05± 0.29%. For ABTS test, S. curtisii leaves extracted with 80% methanol had the highest ABTS values (74.44 ± 0.12%) compared other solvents. For FRAP test, only the 80% methanol extract exhibited significantly the highest (p<0.05) antioxidant activity (13.4 ± 0.62%). Thus, 80% methanol was the most appropriate solvent for extraction of S. curtisii leaves as the resulting extract had higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities than others.

Keywords: Antioxidant; extraction; physicochemical; solvent; Stemona curtisii

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*Corresponding author; email: haslaniza@ukm.edu.my